By Alicia Wallace, Michael Rios, Kevin Liptak and Elisabeth Buchwald

(CNN) — President Donald Trump said Monday he agreed to “immediately pause” tariffs on Mexico for a month after a “very friendly” conversation with the country’s president, Claudia Sheinbaum.

“I just spoke with President Claudia Sheinbaum of Mexico. It was a very friendly conversation wherein she agreed to immediately supply 10,000 Mexican Soldiers on the Border separating Mexico and the United States,” Trump wrote on Truth Social.

“These soldiers will be specifically designated to stop the flow of fentanyl, and illegal migrants into our country,” he wrote.

Trump announced new tariffs on imports from Mexico, Canada and China on Saturday. The sweeping actions — scheduled to take effect Tuesday — consisted of a 25% duty on all imports from Mexico and most from Canada (where there was a carve-out for a 10% tariff on energy products), and a new 10% tariff on Chinese goods.

The extraordinary moves against America’s three largest trading partners raised alarm even among some corners of Trump’s own party and sent shockwaves through the North American economy, rattling businesses and the markets and delivering uncertainty to consumers who are still reeling from years of high inflation.

His tariff promises have also already kicked off a trade war. Canada ordered retaliatory tariffs, and China said it would “take necessary countermeasures.” Trump’s executive orders that put tariffs into motion include a retaliation clause, which indicates that America could launch even steeper tariffs and raise costs even further. The president has also suggested another round of tariffs later this month, perhaps on other countries.

But even Trump, a longtime proponent of tariffs, acknowledged on Sunday what economists, members of Congress and even some of his own aides — in their previous lives — have warned: Americans could pay the cost of the new tariffs.

Economists have said that the North American tariffs, should they materialize, would swiftly send the Canadian and Mexican economies into recession and likely lift consumer prices for Americans on cars, gasoline, lumber and other imported items.

The Dow tumbled nearly 600 points at the opening bell, but news of the agreement with Mexico sent stocks on the verge of a comeback.

The pause in the tariffs on Mexico was praised by Iowa GOP Sen. Chuck Grassley, who is pleading with Trump to exempt potash from tariffs because of the potential impact to Iowa family farmers, whom he said get majority of the fertilizer from Canada.

“Good news on Mexico tariff pause for 1 month,” Grassley posted on X on Monday. “Hopefully negotiating will preempt more talk of tariffs.”

As for Canada, Trump said he held an initial phone call with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau on Monday morning, with a follow-up scheduled for the afternoon. The president’s message didn’t offer any indication he was willing to grant a last-minute reprieve to the tariffs, but the fact a second conversation is scheduled suggests talks are ongoing between the two leaders on fulfilling Trump’s demands to stop illicit flows of migrants and drugs across the border.

Maine Sen. Susan Collins, a Republican and frequent Trump critic, has also warned about tariffs on Canada, writing on X that it’s Maine’s “most important trading partner.”

“I am working with the Trump Administration to help its officials better understand the potential ramifications of certain tariffs on Maine and to find out more about their implementation, scope, duration, and other important information, including any exemptions they may make for northern border states, certain industries, agricultural producers, and others who rely on trade with Canada,” she added.

Mexico, US holding high-level talks on security, migration

Trump said on Monday he looked forward to participating in negotiations with Mexico.

“We further agreed to immediately pause the anticipated tariffs for a one month period during which we will have negotiations headed by Secretary of State Marco Rubio, Secretary of Treasury Scott Bessent, and Secretary of Commerce Howard Lutnick, and high-level Representatives of Mexico,” he wrote. “I look forward to participating in those negotiations, with President Sheinbaum, as we attempt to achieve a ‘deal’ between our two Countries.”

Mexico will send 10,000 National Guard troops to its northern border to help reduce the flow of fentanyl into the US, reinforce the border and help improve security in its own territory, Sheinbaum said at her morning press conference Monday.

“For humanitarian reasons, we must help the United States address its fentanyl consumption crisis, which is leading to overdose deaths,” she said at her morning press conference Monday.

Sheinbaum also noted that the US, for the first time, has agreed to work together to prevent high-powered weapons from entering Mexico.

“I believe this is a very important aspect of the agreement we reached,” she said.

Officials from the US and Mexico will continue to hold high-level talks on security, migration and trade after agreeing to pause tariffs for a month, Sheinbaum said.

Sheinbaum also told Trump that she disagreed with his comment that the Mexican government has links with cartels.

“There is no way we would come to an agreement under those circumstances,” she said.

Underscoring economic uncertainty

Tariffs — and the mere threat of them — served as go-to policy moves for Trump in his first term and were expected to be key pillars in his second.

“The president has used tariffs as a leverage tool,” Brett Ryan, senior US economist at Deutsche Bank, told CNN on Monday. “Eventually you’re going to have to implement them or else your threats become meaningless.”

While this agreement may bring a bit reprieve to businesses that rely heavily on trade with Mexico, tariffs are still set to take effect in China and Canada just after midnight Monday.

“I think businesses have already been preparing to the extent that they can,” Ryan said. “The threat obviously doesn’t go away, and it’s still out there. At some point you are going to get tariff actions.”

At the very least, the agreement injects further unpredictability into the US economy.

“What we’re seeing this morning does really highlight that there’s a lot of uncertainty about how policies unfold,” Boston Federal Reserve President Susan Collins said in a CNBC interview Monday morning following the announcements from Sheinbaum and Trump.

“Without knowing what actual policy will be implemented, it’s just really not possible to be too precise about what the likely impacts are going to be,” added Collins, who is voting on interest rate decisions this year.

Collins noted that the broad-based tariffs Trump placed on Mexico, Canada and China are highly unusual, making it harder for central bank economists to analyze the potential economic impact.

For now, Collins said her expectation is that any new tariffs will cause prices for goods to go up, but said she’s not convinced that it will necessarily lead to higher inflation levels.

This story has been updated with additional information.

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